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. The Kingdom of Manipur or Kangleipak Kingdom was a of the, bordering in the west and in the east.
The state of Manipur covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) with 467 villages. The capital of the state was. The early history of Manipur is composed of mythical narratives. The, located on the banks of the, is where the palace of King Pakhangba was located. It was built in 1632 by king Khagemba, who had defeated Chinese invaders. In the fort, a number of temples that had traditional religious significance. Kangla means 'dry land' in the old Meetei language.
Contents. Kangleipak State The Kingdom of Kangleipak was established by King Loiyumba in 1110 who ruled between 1074 and 1121. He consolidated the kingdom by incorporating most of the principalities in the surrounding hills and is credited with having enacted a kind of written constitution for his state. After subjugating all the villages within their valley Kangleipak kings grew in power and began a policy of expansion beyond their territory. In 1443 King Ningthoukhomba raided, an area ruled by, initiating a policy of Manipuri claims to the neighbouring. The zenith of the Kangleipak State was reached under the rule of King Khagemba (1597–1652). In 1714 a king, named, adopted as the state religion and changed his name to Gharib Nawaz.
A massive rally was organised in Manipur by the United Committee Manipur (UCM) on Wednesday to demand protection of the State’s integrity and unity and not upset the cordial coexistence of all. Govindaji, Manipur Govindaji Temple, Imphal, Manipur ( Enlarge ) Located in the center of the city of Imphal in the state of Manipur in northeastern India, the temple of Govindaji is dedicated to Krishna, an incarnation of the god Vishnu. The Manipur State AIDS Control Society (MACS) was formed and registered in March, 1998 and since then the Society has been implementing the AIDS Control Programme in the State. Manipur is one of the six high prevalence states in India with HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women attending ANC being 1.4% (Sentinel Surveillance 2006).
In 1724 the name Manipur ('the Abode of Jewels') was adopted as the name of the state. King Gharib Nawaz made several incursions into, but no permanent conquest. After the death of Gharib Nawaz in 1754, Manipur was occupied by the and the Manipuri king (Ching-Thang Khomba) sought help from the British. The latter, however, recalled the military force sent to assist Manipur and after that years passed without much contact between Manipur State and the British authorities. Manipur was invaded at the onset of the, together with.
British protectorate Following the, in 1824 the king of Manipur (Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba) asked the British for help and the request was granted. And artillery were sent and British officers trained a levy of Manipuri troops for the battles that ensued. After the Burmese were expelled, the Kabaw Valley down to the was added to the state. In 1824 Manipur became a and in 1826 peace was concluded with Burma. Manipur remained relatively peaceful and prosperous until King Gambhir Singh's death in 1834.
When he died his son was only one year old and his uncle was appointed as regent. That same year the British decided to restore the Kabaw Valley to the, which had never been happy about the loss. A compensation was paid to Raja of Manipur in the form of an annual allowance of 6,370 and a was established in Imphal, the only town of the state, in 1835 to facilitate communication between the British and the rulers of Manipur. After a thwarted attempt on his life, Nara Singh took power and held the throne until his death in 1850.
His brother was given the title of Raja by the British, but he was unpopular. After only three months invaded Manipur and rose to the throne, while Devendra Singh fled to Cachar. Numerous members of the royal family tried to overthrow Chandrakirti Singh, but none of the rebellions was successful. In 1879, when British Deputy Commissioner G.H. Damant was killed by an party, the king of Manipur assisted the British by sending troops to neighbouring. Following this service to the crown, Chandrakirti Singh was rewarded with the.
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The Kabaw Valley was restored to the Manipur Kingdom after the British decided to dispose of the ruling dynasty in Burma in 1885, forcing the last to abdicate and ignominiously exiling the royal family to. This event was followed the same year by the, when the British annexed all of Burma. After Maharaja Chandrakriti's death in 1886 his son succeeded him.
As in previous occasions, several claimants to the throne tried to overthrow the new king. The first three attempts were defeated, but in 1890, following an attack on the palace by Tikendrajit and Kulachandra Singh, two of the king's brothers, Surachandra Singh announced his intention to abdicate and left Manipur for Cachar., the king's younger brother, then rose to the throne while, an older brother and commander of the Manipuri armed forces, held the real power behind the scenes. Meanwhile, Surachandra Singh, once safely away from Manipur appealed to the British for help to recover the throne. The 'Manipur Expedition'. Main article: The British decided to recognise Juvraj Kulachandra Singh as Raja, and to send a military expedition of 400 men to Manipur to punish Senapati Tikendrajit Singh as the main person responsible for the unrest and the dynastic disturbances. This action and the violent events that followed are known in British annals as the 'Manipur Expedition, 1891', while in Manipur they are known as the 'Anglo-Manipur War of 1891'.
The British attempt to remove Tikendrajit from his position as military commander (Senapati) and arrest him on 24 March 1891 caused a great stir. The British Residency in Imphal was attacked and the Chief Commissioner for Assam, Col. Sken and three other British officials were murdered. In the middle of the unrest Ethel St Clair Grimwood, the widow of Frank St Clair Grimmond, the killed British Resident, successfully led a party of surviving out of Manipur to Cachar.
Without much delay, a 5,000 strong punitive expedition was sent against Manipur on 27 April 1891. Three British columns entered Manipur from, Cachar and the Naga Hills, which after several skirmishes with the 3,000 men strong Manipuri army, managed to pacify the kingdom. Following the British attack Senapati Tikendrajit and young king Kulachandra fled, but were captured. The Senapati and those Manipuris who had been involved in the killing of the British officers were tried and hanged, while the deposed King Kulachandra and other leaders of the rebellion were sent to the in the. At this time until 22 September 1891, Manipur was briefly to by virtue of the. On 22 September 1891 when (Churachandra), a 5-year-old boy, was put on the throne, power was restored nominally to the Manipuri crown over the state. During the dynastic disturbances and the British intervention the Naga and hill tribes of the state lapsed into lawlessness, with numerous instances of murder and arson in the mountain villages, a situation that lasted well into 1894.
The 20th century: Twilight and end of the princely state The child ruler Churachand belonged to a side branch of the Manipur royal family, so that all the main contenders to the throne were bypassed. While he was a minor the affairs of state were administered by the British, which facilitated the introduction and implementation of reforms. The first paved road to Manipur was inaugurated in 1900 —until then there had been no proper roads to reach the kingdom— and this improvement in communication facilitated a visit by Viceroy in 1901. Raja Churachand was formally declared king in 1907 after completing education in. In 1918 he was given the privilege to use the title ' and during his reign Manipur enjoyed a period of relative peace and prosperity. In 1934 king Churachand was by the British, becoming Sir Churachandra Singh.
Between March 1944 and July 1944 part of Manipur and the of Assam Province were occupied by the. The capital Imphal was shelled on 10 May 1942. The last ruler of the Kingdom of Manipur was Maharaja.
He ruled between 1941 and 1949, the year in which a popular movement forced him to convene a representative assembly. Following his abdication the Princely State of Manipur was extinguished and absorbed by the Government of India and the assembly was abolished. Bodhchandra was succeeded by Maharaja Okendrajit Singh, no longer a prince after the privileges of the native princes were abolished. Integration into India On 14 August 1947, with the lapse of paramountcy of the British Crown, Manipur became briefly 'independent'.
The Maharaja had to India on 11 August, whereby he ceded the central subjects to the Union government but gained internal sovereignty over the state. A 'Manipur State Constitution Act,1947' was enacted, giving the state its own constitution, although this did not become known in other parts of India owing to the relative isolation of the kingdom. A few Manipuris favoured integration with India and established the, a party which failed to draw any votes in the election of 1948.
The Government of India did not recognize the Constitution. On 21 September 1949, the Maharaja was coerced to sign a Merger Agreement with the Union of India, to take effect on 15 October the same year. As a result of the agreement, the Manipur State merged into the as a (similar to a under the colonial regime), to be governed by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. The representative assembly of Manipur was abolished. The Kabaw Valley, a, was ceded to by India in 1953. Unhappy about central rule, began a movement for representative government in Manipur in 1954.
The Indian home minister, however, declared that the time was not yet ripe for the creation of representative assemblies in Part C States such as Manipur and, claiming they were located in strategic border areas of India, that the people were politically backward and that the administration in those states was still weak. Finally, in 1972, after fourteen years of direct Indian rule, became a separate state within India. Main article: The rulers of Manipur state were entitled to an 11- by the British authorities. The present dynasty began in 1714. Former Meitei States This list includes legendary kings.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^ Phanjoubam Tarapot, Bleeding Manipur, Har Anand Publications (30 July 2007). ^. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Beckett, Victoria's Wars, Shire, p. Retrieved 1 April 2015. Akoijam, A. Bimol (28 July 2001), 'How History Repeats Itself', Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (30): 2807–2812,. ^ Banerjee, S.
(January–March 1958), 'Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947', The Indian Journal of Political Science, 19 (1): 35–38,., Research and Media Cell, CIRCA, 2018, p. 26, GGKEY:8XLWSW77KUZ., Chapter 6, p. 139; See Chapter 2 for the limitations of sovereignty under the colonial regime., Chapter 6, p. 145. Haokip, Thongkholal (2012). 'Political Integration of Northeast India: A Historical Analysis'. Strategic Analysis.
36 (2): 304–314.: 'The Maharajah of Manipur was invited to Shillong in September 1949 for talks on integration. The Maharaja was placed under house arrest and debarred from any communication with the outside world. The Maharaja was thus forced to sign the ‘Merger Agreement’ with India on September 21, 1949, and Manipur became a ‘Part-C state’ of the Indian Union.' . ^ (2008), Pan Macmillan, Section 13.V,. Retrieved 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Bibliography. Singh, Haorongbam Sudhirkumar (2011), Jawaharlal Nehru University/Shodhganga External links. Media related to at Wikimedia Commons.